CovidStanfordV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000024

Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Identifieur interne : 000024 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000023; suivant : 000025

Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Auteurs : Satu Strausz [Finlande] ; Tuomo Kiiskinen [Finlande] ; Martin Broberg [Finlande] ; Sanni Ruotsalainen [Finlande] ; Jukka Koskela [Finlande, États-Unis] ; Adel Bachour [Finlande] ; Aarno Palotie [Finlande, États-Unis] ; Tuula Palotie [Finlande] ; Samuli Ripatti [Finlande, États-Unis] ; Hanna M. Ollila [Finlande, États-Unis]

Source :

BMJ open respiratory research [ 2052-4439 ] ; 2021.

RBID : pubmed:33436406

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Comorbidité (MeSH), Enregistrements (MeSH), Facteurs de risque (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Finlande (épidémiologie), Humains (MeSH), Indice de gravité de la maladie (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil (épidémiologie).
MESH :
- épidémiologie : Finlande, Syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil.
- Adulte d'âge moyen, Comorbidité, Enregistrements, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Humains, Indice de gravité de la maladie, Mâle, Sujet âgé.
Wicri :
- geographic : Finlande.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Aged (MeSH), COVID-19 (epidemiology), Comorbidity (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Finland (epidemiology), Humans (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Registries (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Severity of Illness Index (MeSH), Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (epidemiology).
MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Finland.
- epidemiology : COVID-19, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive.
- Aged, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Registries, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19.We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19.

METHODS

OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection were extracted from the hospital discharge, causes of death and infectious diseases registries in individuals who participated in the FinnGen study (n=260 405). Severe COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine association. Comorbidities for either COVID-19 or OSA were selected as covariates. We performed a meta-analysis with previous studies.

RESULTS

We identified 445 individuals with COVID-19, and 38 (8.5%) of them with OSA of whom 19 out of 91 (20.9%) were hospitalised. OSA associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation independent from age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (p-unadjusted=5.13×10

CONCLUSION

Risk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.

DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000845
PubMed: 33436406
PubMed Central: PMC7804843

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

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Le document en format XML

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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ollila, Hanna M" sort="Ollila, Hanna M" uniqKey="Ollila H" first="Hanna M" last="Ollila">Hanna M. Ollila</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland hanna.m.ollila@helsinki.fi.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMJ open respiratory research</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2052-4439</idno>
<imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Comorbidity (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Finland (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Registries (MeSH)</term>
<term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (epidemiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Comorbidité (MeSH)</term>
<term>Enregistrements (MeSH)</term>
<term>Facteurs de risque (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Finlande (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Indice de gravité de la maladie (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil (épidémiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Finland</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
<term>Sleep Apnea, Obstructive</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Finlande</term>
<term>Syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term>
<term>Comorbidity</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Registries</term>
<term>Risk Factors</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Comorbidité</term>
<term>Enregistrements</term>
<term>Facteurs de risque</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Indice de gravité de la maladie</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Finlande</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19.We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection were extracted from the hospital discharge, causes of death and infectious diseases registries in individuals who participated in the FinnGen study (n=260 405). Severe COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine association. Comorbidities for either COVID-19 or OSA were selected as covariates. We performed a meta-analysis with previous studies.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>We identified 445 individuals with COVID-19, and 38 (8.5%) of them with OSA of whom 19 out of 91 (20.9%) were hospitalised. OSA associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation independent from age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (p-unadjusted=5.13×10</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>Risk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33436406</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2052-4439</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>8</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>BMJ open respiratory research</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>BMJ Open Respir Res</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19.</ArticleTitle>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">e000845</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000845</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19.We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS">OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection were extracted from the hospital discharge, causes of death and infectious diseases registries in individuals who participated in the FinnGen study (n=260 405). Severe COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine association. Comorbidities for either COVID-19 or OSA were selected as covariates. We performed a meta-analysis with previous studies.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS">We identified 445 individuals with COVID-19, and 38 (8.5%) of them with OSA of whom 19 out of 91 (20.9%) were hospitalised. OSA associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation independent from age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (p-unadjusted=5.13×10<sup>-5</sup>
, OR-adjusted=2.93 (95% CI 1.02 to 8.39), p-adjusted=0.045). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.25). A meta-analysis of OSA and severe COVID-19 showed association across 15 835 COVID-19 positive controls, and n=1294 patients with OSA with severe COVID-19 (OR=2.37 (95% 1.14 to 4.95), p=0.021).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Risk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Strausz</LastName>
<ForeName>Satu</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kiiskinen</LastName>
<ForeName>Tuomo</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Broberg</LastName>
<ForeName>Martin</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruotsalainen</LastName>
<ForeName>Sanni</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koskela</LastName>
<ForeName>Jukka</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bachour</LastName>
<ForeName>Adel</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sleep Unit, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>FinnGen</CollectiveName>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Palotie</LastName>
<ForeName>Aarno</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Palotie</LastName>
<ForeName>Tuula</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital (HUH), Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ripatti</LastName>
<ForeName>Samuli</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ollila</LastName>
<ForeName>Hanna M</ForeName>
<Initials>HM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland hanna.m.ollila@helsinki.fi.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>BMJ Open Respir Res</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101638061</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>2052-4439</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015897" MajorTopicYN="N">Comorbidity</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005387" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Finland</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012042" MajorTopicYN="N">Registries</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012720" MajorTopicYN="N">Severity of Illness Index</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020181" MajorTopicYN="N">Sleep Apnea, Obstructive</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">sleep apnoea</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
<CoiStatement>Competing interests: None declared.</CoiStatement>
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</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Daly</LastName>
<ForeName>Mark</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
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</Investigator>
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<Initials>M</Initials>
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<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peltola</LastName>
<ForeName>Jukka</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tienari</LastName>
<ForeName>Pentti</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rinne</LastName>
<ForeName>Juha</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ziemann</LastName>
<ForeName>Adam</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waring</LastName>
<ForeName>Jeffrey</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esmaeeli</LastName>
<ForeName>Sahar</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Nizar</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lehtonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Anne</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eaton</LastName>
<ForeName>Susan</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Runz</LastName>
<ForeName>Heiko</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lahdenperä</LastName>
<ForeName>Sanni</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Biswas</LastName>
<ForeName>Shameek</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kerchner</LastName>
<ForeName>Geoff</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hunkapiller</LastName>
<ForeName>Julie</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowers</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Teng</LastName>
<ForeName>Edmond</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Merck</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehta</LastName>
<ForeName>Vinay</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gormley</LastName>
<ForeName>Padhraig</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Linden</LastName>
<ForeName>Kari</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whelan</LastName>
<ForeName>Christopher</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName>
<ForeName>Fanli</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pulford</LastName>
<ForeName>David</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Färkkilä</LastName>
<ForeName>Martti</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pikkarainen</LastName>
<ForeName>Sampsa</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jussila</LastName>
<ForeName>Airi</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blomster</LastName>
<ForeName>Timo</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kiviniemi</LastName>
<ForeName>Mikko</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Voutilainen</LastName>
<ForeName>Markku</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Georgantas</LastName>
<ForeName>Bob</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heap</LastName>
<ForeName>Graham</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waring</LastName>
<ForeName>Jeffrey</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Nizar</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rahimov</LastName>
<ForeName>Fedik</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lehtonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Anne</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Usiskin</LastName>
<ForeName>Keith</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maranville</LastName>
<ForeName>Joseph</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lu</LastName>
<ForeName>Tim</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowers</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oh</LastName>
<ForeName>Danny</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehta</LastName>
<ForeName>Vinay</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalpala</LastName>
<ForeName>Kirsi</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miller</LastName>
<ForeName>Melissa</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName>
<ForeName>Xinli</ForeName>
<Initials>X</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McCarthy</LastName>
<ForeName>Linda</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eklund</LastName>
<ForeName>Kari</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Palomäki</LastName>
<ForeName>Antti</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isomäki</LastName>
<ForeName>Pia</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pirilä</LastName>
<ForeName>Laura</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaipiainen-Seppänen</LastName>
<ForeName>Oili</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huhtakangas</LastName>
<ForeName>Johanna</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Georgantas</LastName>
<ForeName>Bob</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waring</LastName>
<ForeName>Jeffrey</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rahimov</LastName>
<ForeName>Fedik</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lertratanakul</LastName>
<ForeName>Apinya</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Nizar</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Close</LastName>
<ForeName>David</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hochfeld</LastName>
<ForeName>Marla</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowers</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diogo</LastName>
<ForeName>Dorothee</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehta</LastName>
<ForeName>Vinay</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalpala</LastName>
<ForeName>Kirsi</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bing</LastName>
<ForeName>Nan</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName>
<ForeName>Xinli</ForeName>
<Initials>X</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gordillo</LastName>
<ForeName>Jorge Esparza</ForeName>
<Initials>JE</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mars</LastName>
<ForeName>Nina</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laitinen</LastName>
<ForeName>Tarja</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pelkonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Margit</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kauppi</LastName>
<ForeName>Paula</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kankaanranta</LastName>
<ForeName>Hannu</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harju</LastName>
<ForeName>Terttu</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Nizar</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Close</LastName>
<ForeName>David</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>GreenbergCelgene</LastName>
<ForeName>Steven</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName>
<ForeName>Hubert</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowers</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehta</LastName>
<ForeName>Vinay</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Betts</LastName>
<ForeName>Jo</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghosh</LastName>
<ForeName>Soumitra</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salomaa</LastName>
<ForeName>Veikko</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Niiranen</LastName>
<ForeName>Teemu</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Juonala</LastName>
<ForeName>Markus</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Metsärinne</LastName>
<ForeName>Kaj</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kähönen</LastName>
<ForeName>Mika</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Junttila</LastName>
<ForeName>Juhani</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laakso</LastName>
<ForeName>Markku</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pihlajamäki</LastName>
<ForeName>Jussi</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sinisalo</LastName>
<ForeName>Juha</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taskinen</LastName>
<ForeName>Marja-Riitta</ForeName>
<Initials>MR</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tuomi</LastName>
<ForeName>Tiinamaija</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laukkanen</LastName>
<ForeName>Jari</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben Challis</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrew Peterson</ForeName>
<Initials>AP</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hunkapiller</LastName>
<ForeName>Julie</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowers</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diogo</LastName>
<ForeName>Dorothee</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chu</LastName>
<ForeName>Audrey</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehta</LastName>
<ForeName>Vinay</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parkkinen</LastName>
<ForeName>Jaakko</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miller</LastName>
<ForeName>Melissa</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muslin</LastName>
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<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waterworth</LastName>
<ForeName>Dawn</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Joensuu</LastName>
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<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meretoja</LastName>
<ForeName>Tuomo</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carpen</LastName>
<ForeName>Olli</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aaltonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Lauri</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Auranen</LastName>
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<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karihtala</LastName>
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<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kauppila</LastName>
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<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Auvinen</LastName>
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<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elenius</LastName>
<ForeName>Klaus</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Popovic</LastName>
<ForeName>Relja</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waring</LastName>
<ForeName>Jeffrey</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Riley-Gillis</LastName>
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<Initials>B</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lehtonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Anne</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Matakidou</LastName>
<ForeName>Athena</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schutzman</LastName>
<ForeName>Jennifer</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hunkapiller</LastName>
<ForeName>Julie</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowers</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
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<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehta</LastName>
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<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loboda</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrey</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chhibber</LastName>
<ForeName>Aparna</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lehtonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Heli</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McDonough</LastName>
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<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crohns</LastName>
<ForeName>Marika</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kulkarni</LastName>
<ForeName>Diptee</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaarniranta</LastName>
<ForeName>Kai</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Turunen</LastName>
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<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ollila</LastName>
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<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seitsonen</LastName>
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<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uusitalo</LastName>
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<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aaltonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Vesa</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uusitalo-Järvinen</LastName>
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<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luodonpää</LastName>
<ForeName>Marja</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hautala</LastName>
<ForeName>Nina</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Runz</LastName>
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<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Strauss</LastName>
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<Initials>E</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowers</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName>
<ForeName>Hao</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Podgornaia</LastName>
<ForeName>Anna</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehta</LastName>
<ForeName>Vinay</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diogo</LastName>
<ForeName>Dorothee</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoffman</LastName>
<ForeName>Joshua</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tasanen</LastName>
<ForeName>Kaisa</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huilaja</LastName>
<ForeName>Laura</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hannula-Jouppi</LastName>
<ForeName>Katariina</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salmi</LastName>
<ForeName>Teea</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peltonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Sirkku</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koulu</LastName>
<ForeName>Leena</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harvima</LastName>
<ForeName>Ilkka</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalpala</LastName>
<ForeName>Kirsi</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName>
<ForeName>Ying</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Choy</LastName>
<ForeName>David</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michon</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Nizar</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rahimov</LastName>
<ForeName>Fedik</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lehtonen</LastName>
<ForeName>Anne</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waterworth</LastName>
<ForeName>Dawn</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jalanko</LastName>
<ForeName>Anu</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kajanne</LastName>
<ForeName>Risto</ForeName>
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HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:33436406" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidStanfordV1

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Tue Feb 2 21:24:25 2021. Site generation: Tue Feb 2 21:26:08 2021

	Serveur d'exploration sur le Covid à Stanford
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration sur le Covid à Stanford

Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19.

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